|
|
Deterrence in counter-terrorism: the case of Nigeria
Tongpan, Timothy Yusufu ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
To assess the effectiveness of deterrence measures, we adopt data from the Global Terrorism Index (GTI). The GTI provides comprehensive assessments of trends and patterns of terrorism across different regions and countries and offers a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of counter- terrorism strategies. Our analysis will evaluate the impact of deterrence measures on reducing terrorist activities in Nigeria and identify the key factors that contribute to the success or failure of deterrence. This study's findings will be of significant interest to policymakers, security experts, and the broader Counter-terrorism has been a critical issue in Nigeria over the last decade, with terrorist groups such as Boko Haram posing a significant threat to the country's security and stability. In response, the Nigerian government has implemented various strategies, including deterrence, to combat this menace. Deterrence refers to the use of measures aimed at discouraging potential terrorists from engaging in violent activities. The effectiveness of deterrence in Nigeria's counter-terrorism strategy between 2009 and 2019, with a case study of Boko Haram, is the focus of this study. The period under review is significant as it marks the rise of Boko Haram and its transformation into a formidable terrorist...
|
|
| |
|
|
Compliance behavior under surveillance: introduction of the video assistant referee to European football
Trestcov, Ivan
This paper analyzes the effect of introducing the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) to European football. First, the setting allows for decomposition of the deterrence and monitoring effects in Becker’s (1968) model of crime. Second, I estimate the deterrence effect’s spillover outside the surveillance environment. Third, I find evidence of a much under-studied learning-by-punishment effect. This paper applies the difference-in-difference strategy to show that the introduction of VAR causes a significant decrease in the number of fouls in two German football leagues. VAR had an immediate impact on severe fouls, while the effect on penalty fouls is apparent after a 12 week adjustment period. Punishment intensifies the deterrence effect as punished players commit even fewer fouls than unpunished players. Moreover, the deterrence effect persists outside of the surveillance environment, i.e., there is a spillover effect on international competitions. I show that players from countries with VAR commit fewer fouls in international competitions than other players.
|
|
|
De-escalation nuclear strike in the military strategy of the Russian Federation
Karel, Karel ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the concept of a de-escalation nuclear strike in the strategy of the Russian Federation. Unlike the United States of America, the Russian Federation has retained part of its non-strategic arsenal. Furthermore, the delivery systems have been modernized in the last decade. The essence of a de-escalation strike is based on the deployment of non-strategic, lower-yield nuclear weapons, even in the early phase of an armed conflict. This way, a conflict could be ended under more favourable conditions for Russia. The aim of this thesis is to answer a question whether a de-escalation strike is real part of the Russian military strategy. To answer this question, the de-escalation strike is framed within the theoretical framework of limited nuclear war and escalation. The research part of this thesis examines Russian strategic document and missiles capable of delivering lower yield nuclear weapons. Based on the examination of the strategic documents, I have concluded that although the documents do not mention a de-escalation strike, they contain aggressive nuclear signalling. Moreover, the documents show that the threshold for deployment of nuclear weapons by the Russian Federation is very low. The Russian Federation possesses a wide range of ballistic and cruise missiles...
|
|
| |
|
|
The change of normative perception and thinking about the Nuclear Sharing within NATO
Kořínek, David ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Beneš, Jan (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the development of the NATO's normative perception and thinking over the nuclear weapons and the nuclear sharing concept. While the nuclear sharing lays in the main area of the interest of this thesis, the approach towards the nuclear weapons itself is the inseparable component of this research. This thesis is divided into three main chapters. The chapter one explains the historical position of the nuclear weapons in the NATO thinking and the history of the nuclear sharing in relation to the NPT. It also introduces the basic theoretical debate and definition of the concept. The chapter two explains the chosen methodological framework, describes the set of analysed documents and sets rules for the coding of those documents. For the purposes of this analysis, I decided to use the methodological framework of the content analysis, which is created through the content analysis software NVivo 12. It is followed by the chapter three which is visualising and explaining the results of the content analysis created following the script already described in the chapter two.
|
|
|
NATO's Deterrence strategy: causes of shortcomings when facing Russian hybrid strategy
Ellis, Joseph ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The Relationship between Russia and NATO is a subject which finds itself continuously popular and relevant throughout discussion of international security. Yet, there is relatively large disagreements on how a conflict between the two actors would play out and how strong their given strategies are, in this case being how successful or strong should NATO's deterrence strategy be considered. Due to this, this paper will explore the main point of: What are the causes or reasonings behind the shortcomings of NATO deterrence strategy when facing a Russian Hybrid Strategy? In order to explore this, a deeper look is undertaken into the strengths of weaknesses behind both Russian and NATO capabilities and credibility within their given strategies. Furthermore, the primary region which will be explored within the relationship between Russia and NATO is that of the Baltic states, as this is the most likely area which NATO's deterrence strategy will be tested by Russian hybrid Warfare. This exploration will use qualitative studies along with wargaming scenarios which take into account the joint hybrid and conventional nature of Russia's hybrid strategy. Through this analysis, several causes of shortcomings are identified. These causes are the weakness derived from the chosen deterrence theory model undertaken...
|
|
|
Missiles and Radars as Security DilemmaThe Case of the Third Pillar of the U.S. Missile Defence in Central Europe
Kantor, Lukáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor)
The thesis deals with the former Bush's plan of the so-called third pillar of the American missile defense system in Poland and Czech republic. We demonstrate on this topic the value of several key (neo)realist theoretical concepts. Specifically, the exact types and functioning of security dilemmas are analyzed in the framework of American-Russian, American-Iranian and American-Czech/Polish relations. The thesis also illustrates the importance of related modalities of deterrence and shows, which states and how balanced the US. In addition to that, attention is paid to the question whether the "shield" was motivated by defensive realist worries about security or rather by offensive realist struggle for power and gains at the expense of others.
|
|
|
Nuclear latency and the problem of deterrence
Pažitný, Tomáš ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Bahenský, Vojtěch (referee)
Bc. Tomáš Pažitný Nuclear latency and the problem of deterrence 2020 Abstract The primary goal of the master's thesis is to uncover the actual impact of latent nuclear deterrence on the decision to avert the conflict. The thesis employs a variety of concepts, including the latent nuclear deterrence, as articulated by Matthew Fuhrmann, to ascertain which one of them plays a vital role in dissuading one country from attacking another one. The influence of respective concepts is examined on the example of two historical case studies, which form the core part of the master's thesis. The first case study presents two crises that occurred in the 1980s between Pakistan as a latent nuclear state and India as the challenging state, eventually dissuaded from the attack. The second case study is devoted to the 1965 crisis between Pakistan as a challenging state and India as a latent nuclear state. This crisis, which eventually led to the war, works as a control case study. The analysis of both cases reveals valuable findings concerning the role of latent nuclear deterrence and nuclear latency in general. Contrary to what would proponents of this weaponless deterrence believe, latent nuclear deterrence was not the central factor when the attack on the latent nuclear state was contemplated. The findings of the master's...
|
|
|
Effectiveness of Law in behavioral perspective
Bartošová, Iveta ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
Effectiveness of law in behavioral perspective Abstract The thesis is considering effective influence of law in society. Firstly, the basic concepts on effectiveness of law in fields of theory of law, sociology of law and legal philosophy are briefly introduced along with current system of assessing effectiveness of regulation in Czech legislative process in second chapter. Next it encourages to try on oneself the psychotherapeutical interview with the Law of Benjamin Sells, to find out about one's own potentially hidden ideas and prejudices about law and society. Finally in three consecutive chapters are introduced three basic concepts of human nature (anthropological pessimism, realism and optimism) that are informing our often unconscious choice of instruments used to enhance the effectiveness of law. Anthropological pessimism typically chooses control and deterrence. Anthropological realism uses control and deterrence for those, who are not influenced by softer measures, which it deliberately cultivates - trust and respect. These instruments are than examined from the perspective of their real effects on human behavior by means of research, studies and experiments mostly from the field of social-psychology. Finally, the sixth chapter concerns itself with anthropological optimism, which is introduced on...
|
guest ::
